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13Jun

Edfu Temple Temple of the god Horus

Edfu Temple Temple of the god Horus

The Edfu temple was built in the Ptolemaic era of the god Horus in 237 BC. Its construction began with Ptolemy III (Joergetus I) in the year (237 BC. M.) to worship the god Horus and Jurgets, meaning the benefactor. Its construction was completed during the reign of Ptolemy XIII in The first century BC It is considered one of the most important and beautiful Egyptian temples.

 Edfu in ancient Egypt was the last Egyptian guard post on the Nubian border, and the capital of the second province of Upper Egypt. The city of Edfu in ancient times was called (Edbo), which means the city of food or the town of intrusion. He is Horus and is called Hor Bhaddati or Horus Edfu in order to differentiate between him and Horus, son of Isis. He was one of the ancient Egyptian deities who was worshiped in the form of a falcon. The Egyptians often mixed between them. It is the traditional site of the legendary battle that took place between the god Horus and the god Set. Her first deity was the god Horus, and he was worshiped in the form of a falcon. He was attributed to the town, so he was called Hadti. On its walls, the legend of the conflict between Horus and Set was recorded and how Hor Bahaddati, who represented the winged sun disk, defeated Set and his henchmen.

The Edfu Horus had an excellent place in Egyptian mythology, and the god Horus took the title of the winged sun disk since the era of the Sixth Dynasty. The legend of the winged sun disk was written on the walls of the Edfu temple. This temple was built in the city of (Edfu), and was dedicated to the worship of the god (Horus), and it is considered the only temple that has remained in its good condition. It was started by King Ptolemy III, but because of war and strife, its construction continued for a whole century. The temple begins with the great edifice, which is 35 meters high

Its two towers (Ptolemy III) slaughtered enemies, followed by an open courtyard surrounded by columns on three sides, and in the middle of it there was an altar for offerings. After that, we reach a lobby with 12 columns with plant capitals. Then we enter the colonnade, and then we reach inside an area where the light is dimmed until we reach the Holy of Holies located at the last point of the temple.

 Edfu Temple is located on the western bank of the Nile, about 1,300 meters west of the Nile, and connects it with the Nile a small underground stream that was used by the ancients to measure the river’s water. The temple has a gate, a foyer, a pillared hall, and an open courtyard, and in the facade there is a symbol of Horus. other columns. The Holy of Holies and the boat cabin

The stages of building the temple, the first assets

The Edfu temple is considered the most and the greatest preserved of all the remaining temples of Egypt. It was built of sandstone in the era of Ramesses on the ruins of an old temple. When the Ptolemies came, it was replaced by the construction of a new temple, more valuable than the old building, and the decoration works took six years, and it was officially opened during the reign of Ptolemy The seventh, and additions were added to it after that, where the great hall with towers was added, and the last additions were during the reign of Ptolemy the Eleventh. Construction began in it in 237 BC and was completed in 57 BC.

It was reported on the authority of Amenhotep, the high priest of Ain Shams during the reign of King Zoser, that he built a temple for the god Horus in Edfu, which he built according to a plan that came down from heaven in the north of Memphis. There is no doubt that this deity had an ancient temple in Edfu. His priests and in the nineteenth and twentieth dynasties, the two kings, Seti I, Ramses III, and Ramses IV, worked in the temple, which was at the time in Edfu, and their cartouches that were found on the walls of the temple witnessed this, but with the advent of the Ptolemies, the old temple was replaced and a new temple was built, more massive than the old building.

Work began on the new building during the reign of Ptolemy III in the year 237 BC. The main building was erected in the tenth year of the reign of Ptolemy IV Philopateer in the year 212 BC, meaning that its construction took 25 years. The temple was officially inaugurated in 142 BC and was added to the temple during the reign of Ptolemy Euergetes II, the Hall of Legends, and during the reign of Ptolemy Soter II and Ptolemy Alexander I built the courtyard with its arcade, edifice, and the outer wall, and in the 25th year of the reign of Ptolemy the Eleventh, known as Ptolemy the Zummar, and thus the entire building continued for more than 180 years, and thus, this temple is compared to the temples of the oldest era. It was done by a single effort, but its parts are coordinated architectural alone, and the inscription and the debate agree to a large extent, and the walls of the temple are replete with the names of many of those who ruled Egypt from the Ptolemies. It is clear from its painting, picture and inscriptions that it is a purely Egyptian temple that was built on the inherited ancient Egyptian tradition without being affected by the Greek architecture, despite the end of the era of the pharaohs at that time, but the pharaonic style and pharaonic drawings are all affected by the beliefs of the pharaohs, so that the temple was built for the pharaonic god – Horus.

Architectural elements of temple

It begins with the edifice, followed by the open courtyard in which there are columns with plant crowns on three sides, followed by the courtyard or the masters’ hall, whose roof is based on twelve columns and its entrance is decorated with two granite statues of the god Hor in the form of a falcon. This hall is followed by another hall. The ceiling of the other hall is also based on twelve columns, and on the right and left of the entrance there are two rooms. One was a library and the other was for keeping religious ritual tools and utensils, followed by two halls, the first of which was called the table base, as it was dedicated to offering offerings. On the other hand, it was called the God’s Rest. The temple ended with the Holy of Holies, which contained the granite sarcophagus that was dedicated to the statue of the god and in front of it a base The sacred boat surrounds Jerusalem

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